With reference to the history of India, "Ulgulan" or the Great Tumult is the description of which of the following events?

The Munda Rebellion, a significant tribal uprising in the 19th century, was led by Birsa Munda in the region south of Ranchi during 1899-1900.

'Ulgulan', meaning 'Great Tumult', was the term used to describe the revolt, which aimed to establish Munda Raj and independence.

The Mundas traditionally had preferential rent rates as khuntkattidars (original forest clearers). However, this system was eroded by jagirdars, thikadars, merchants, and moneylenders during the 19th century.

The government tried to address the grievances through survey and settlement operations (1902-10). The Chhotanagpur Tenancy Act of 1908 gave some recognition to khuntkatti rights and banned beth begari (forced labour).

Chhotanagpur tribals gained some legal protection for their land rights as a result of this act.

Therefore, "Ulgulan" or the Great Tumult is the description of Birsa Munda's Revolt of 1899-1900.

Sources:

• Wikipedia - Birsa Munda
• Chotanagpur Tenancy Act, 1908