Which one of the following movements has contributed to a split in the Indian National Congress resulting in emergence of ‘moderates’ and ‘extremists’?
Correct Answer: Option A
The Surat Split in 1907 within the Indian National Congress (INC) occurred due to ideological differences between the Moderates and the Extremists.
These disagreements primarily stemmed from differing approaches to the Swadeshi Movement and protests against the Partition of Bengal.
The Moderates favored constitutional methods and gradual reform, while the Extremists advocated for more assertive and radical measures.
The Lucknow Pact in 1916 saw the re-unification of Moderates and Extremists. This occurred before the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920), Quit India Movement (1942), and Civil Disobedience Movement (1930).
Therefore, the Swadeshi Movement was the key contributor to the split.