Economically, one of the results of the Britith rule in India in the 19th century was the

A significant economic consequence of British rule in India during the 19th century was the commercialization of Indian agriculture.

This involved the cultivation of commercial crops like tea and indigo, driven by the demands of European markets.

Option A is incorrect because colonial policies negatively impacted Indian industries and handicrafts, leading to their decline.

Option B is incorrect because the number of Indian-owned factories decreased due to the same colonial policies.

Option D is incorrect because while some new Presidency towns emerged, there was also de-urbanization in other areas like Machilipatnam. There was no rapid increase in the urban population overall.

Hence, option C is the correct answer.