What is the use of biochar in farming?

1. Biochar can be used as a part of the growing medium in vertical farming.
2. When biochar is a part of the growing medium, it promotes the growth of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms.
3. When biochar is a part of the growing medium, it enables the growing medium to retain water for longer time. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Statement 1 is correct: Biochar is a charcoal-like substance produced by heating biomass in the absence of oxygen. It can be used as a substrate in soilless, hydroponic tomato production and vertical farming, offering a cost-effective and environmentally responsible green-waste disposal method while supplementing substrate, fertilizer, and energy requirements.

Statement 2 is correct: Biochar can enhance the natural ability of legumes to fix nitrogen in the soil. It supports the life of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, decreases soil N2O emission, and increases nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen retention in the soil. This makes biochar beneficial for climate change adaptation and increased agricultural productivity.

Statement 3 is correct: Due to its porous nature, biochar improves soil's water retention and water-holding capacity, ensuring that plants have access to water for a longer duration.

Therefore, all statements are correct.