Which of the following leaf modifications occur(s) in the desert areas to inhibit water loss?

1. Hard and waxy leaves
2. Tiny leaves
3. Thorns instead of leaves

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Plants in desert environments develop several adaptations to minimize water loss.

Hard and waxy leaves: Wax coatings on leaves reduce water loss through evaporation. This is crucial in hot deserts to prevent excessive water loss from the leaf surface and interior.

Tiny leaves: Smaller leaves reduce the surface area available for transpiration, thus minimizing water loss.

Thorns instead of leaves: Some desert plants have thorns instead of leaves. This significantly reduces the surface area for transpiration and also protects the plant from herbivores seeking moisture.

Therefore, all the statements are correct.