It is possible to produce algae based biofuels, but what is/are the likely limitation(s) of developing countries in promoting this industry?

1. Production of algae based biofuels is possible in seas only and not on continents.
2. Setting up and engineering the algae based biofuel production requires high level of expertise/technology until the construction is completed.
3. Economically viable production necessitates the setting up of large scale facilities which may raise ecological and social concerns.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Let's analyze the statements regarding the limitations of developing countries in promoting algae-based biofuels:

Statement 1: Algaculture, or algae farming, can be implemented on land unsuitable for traditional agriculture, in saline water, or even using wastewater. Therefore, it is not limited to seas only. Statement 1 is incorrect.

Statement 2: The production of algae-based biofuels, excluding simple seaweed production, necessitates significant capital investments. This can be a major hurdle in developing countries with weaker investment climates. Furthermore, the technology is still in a pre-commercial stage, meaning most production plants are prototypes. Developing and engineering these plants demands a high level of expertise and technology. Statement 2 is correct.

Statement 3: Allocating land intended for food crops to algal biofuel production reduces the food available, raising costs for both food and fuel. This presents both ecological and social/economic concerns. Statement 3 is correct.

Hence, only statements 2 and 3 are correct.

Sources:

• Climate Tech Wiki - Algae