How is permaculture farming different from conventional chemical farming?

1. Permaculture farming discourages monocultural practices but in conventional chemical farming, monoculture practices are pre-dominant.
2. Conventional chemical farming can cause increase in soil salinity but the occurrence of such phenomenon is not observed in permaculture farming.
3. Conventional chemical farming is easily possible in semi-arid regions but permaculture farming is not so easily possible in such regions.
4. Practice of mulching is very important in permaculture farming but not necessarily so in conventional chemical farming. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Permaculture is a land management approach mimicking flourishing natural ecosystems, using systems thinking. It applies to regenerative agriculture, rewilding, and community resilience.

Statement 1 is correct: Permaculture discourages monoculture, promoting a wide range of crops for food security and community health. Conventional chemical farming often relies on monoculture.

Statement 2 is correct: Permaculture techniques like swales, natural mulching, rainfall harvesting, and legume cultivation improve soil properties, increase organic matter, and reduce soil salinity. Conventional chemical farming practices can lead to increased soil salinity.

Statement 3 is not correct: Permaculture, with its focus on water conservation and region-specific crops, is well-suited for arid and semi-arid regions.

Statement 4 is correct: Mulching, which maintains moisture, controls weeds, and improves soil, is essential in permaculture but not necessarily in conventional chemical farming.

Hence, statements 1, 2, and 4 are correct.