Polity
2021
Union and State

Which one of the following best defines the term 'State'?

C.A number of persons who have been living in a definite territory for a very long time with their own culture, tradition and government
A.A community of persons permanently occupying a definite territory independent of external control and possessing an organized government
D.A society permanently living in a definite territory with a central authority, an executive responsible to the central authority and an independent judiciary
B.A politically organized people of a definite territory and possessing an authority to govern them, maintain law and order, protect their natural rights and safeguard their means of sustenance

Correct Answer: Option A

A 'State' in political science is a political organization of society, distinct from other social groups due to its specific purpose.

The essential elements of a State are:

  1. People: A community of persons permanently residing within the state.
  2. Government: An organized structure to enforce laws and administer the state.
  3. Territory: A defined and demarcated geographical boundary.
  4. Sovereignty: The state's supreme and independent authority in decision-making, both internally and externally. This implies independence from external control.

Option A encapsulates all these elements precisely.

Hence, option A is the correct answer.